January is the heart of winter in South Korea, characterized by cold temperatures, minimal precipitation, and strong winds. The country experiences its coldest weather during this month, especially in the northern and central regions, with more temperate conditions along the southern coast. The country’s diverse topography, with mountains to the east and plains in the west, influences the weather, making South Korea’s January weather ideal for some, but harsh for others. Understanding the weather patterns in January will help travelers prepare for their visit.
Average Temperatures in January
In January, temperatures across South Korea can be quite chilly, with sharp contrasts between the coldest regions in the north and the milder conditions in the south. Due to its continental climate, the country experiences sharp temperature swings, and the wind can make it feel colder than it actually is.
Northern South Korea (Seoul, Pyeongchang, Chuncheon)
Northern South Korea, including cities like Seoul, Pyeongchang, and Chuncheon, experiences the coldest weather in January. The average daytime high in Seoul is between 0°C and 3°C, and nighttime lows can drop to around -7°C to -10°C. Pyeongchang, which is in the mountains and has hosted the Winter Olympics, can experience temperatures well below freezing, with daytime highs ranging from -3°C to 1°C, and lows reaching -15°C or lower. Snowfall is common in these areas, particularly in the mountains, which makes it a popular destination for winter sports enthusiasts.
Central South Korea (Daejeon, Suwon, Gyeongju)
Central South Korea, including cities like Daejeon, Suwon, and Gyeongju, experiences somewhat milder temperatures in January, but still sees cold weather. Daytime highs typically range from 2°C to 5°C, with nighttime lows between -5°C and -7°C. Snowfall is possible, though less frequent compared to the northern regions. The weather in these areas can be relatively dry, and strong winds from Siberia can make the temperatures feel even colder than the thermometer reading suggests.
Southern South Korea (Busan, Jeju Island, Ulsan)
Southern South Korea enjoys milder conditions compared to the rest of the country. Cities like Busan, Jeju Island, and Ulsan typically have daytime highs ranging from 5°C to 10°C, with nighttime lows between 0°C and 3°C. While snow is rare in these areas, it is not unheard of, especially on Jeju Island and the surrounding regions. The southern coast is usually windier, but the effects of the cold winds are less intense here compared to the rest of the country. The relatively moderate temperatures in the south make it a popular destination for those looking to escape the extreme cold.
Summary of Average Temperatures
| Region | Average High Temperature (°C) | Average Low Temperature (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Northern South Korea (Seoul, Pyeongchang, Chuncheon) | 0°C to 3°C | -7°C to -10°C |
| Central South Korea (Daejeon, Suwon, Gyeongju) | 2°C to 5°C | -5°C to -7°C |
| Southern South Korea (Busan, Jeju Island, Ulsan) | 5°C to 10°C | 0°C to 3°C |
Precipitation Levels in January
January is part of South Korea’s dry season, with relatively little precipitation. However, snow is common in the northern and central regions, especially in higher elevations, while the south experiences drier conditions.
Northern South Korea (Seoul, Pyeongchang, Chuncheon)
In northern South Korea, precipitation is typically low, but snow is frequent, especially in the mountainous regions. Seoul averages about 10 mm to 30 mm of precipitation in January, mostly in the form of snow. Pyeongchang, being located in the mountains, receives significant snow, with snowfall accumulating in the range of 50 cm to 80 cm. While snow is a frequent occurrence, it usually doesn’t last long due to the cold temperatures and dry air.
Central South Korea (Daejeon, Suwon, Gyeongju)
The central regions of South Korea also experience low precipitation, with amounts ranging from 10 mm to 20 mm in January. Most of the precipitation falls as snow, although rain is possible on the warmer days. The amount of snow typically falls between 10 cm to 20 cm during the month, depending on the specific location.
Southern South Korea (Busan, Jeju Island, Ulsan)
The southern regions of South Korea experience less snow and more rain during January, although precipitation is still relatively low compared to the rest of the year. Cities like Busan and Ulsan typically receive 10 mm to 30 mm of rain, while Jeju Island can receive slightly higher precipitation levels of 30 mm to 40 mm. Snowfall is rare, but it is more likely on Jeju Island than on the mainland.
Summary of Precipitation
| Region | Average Precipitation (mm) | Average Snowfall (cm) |
|---|---|---|
| Northern South Korea (Seoul, Pyeongchang, Chuncheon) | 10 mm to 30 mm | 10 cm to 80 cm |
| Central South Korea (Daejeon, Suwon, Gyeongju) | 10 mm to 20 mm | 10 cm to 20 cm |
| Southern South Korea (Busan, Jeju Island, Ulsan) | 10 mm to 40 mm | 0 cm to 5 cm |
Wind Patterns and Atmospheric Pressure
January in South Korea is marked by strong winds, particularly in the northern and central regions, due to cold Siberian air masses that move across the country.
Wind Speeds
In the northern and central parts of South Korea, January can bring strong winds, with speeds ranging from 20 km/h to 40 km/h. The Siberian winds are often chilly, making the air feel colder than the actual temperature. Wind gusts can be even stronger, particularly in the mountainous regions, where they can reach speeds of 50 km/h or more. In the southern regions, wind speeds are generally lighter, ranging from 10 km/h to 25 km/h, although coastal cities like Busan may experience higher winds due to their proximity to the ocean.
Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric pressure in South Korea during January tends to be higher than in other months, as cold, dense air masses from Siberia dominate the region. The average atmospheric pressure ranges from 1010 hPa to 1020 hPa. These stable atmospheric conditions contribute to the dry, cold weather typical of January, though low-pressure systems can occasionally bring light snow or rain.
Considerations for Travelers in January
January in South Korea can be harsh, especially for those unaccustomed to cold and windy conditions. Here are some considerations for those planning to visit during this month:
1. Prepare for Cold Weather
Travelers to South Korea in January should be prepared for cold weather. Packing warm clothing, such as insulated coats, scarves, gloves, and hats, is essential, particularly if you plan to visit the northern or central regions. The temperatures can drop below freezing, and wind chill can make it feel much colder.
2. Snow in the North
If you’re planning to visit northern South Korea or go skiing in Pyeongchang, be ready for snow. The mountains receive heavy snowfall, which can lead to icy conditions. Make sure to wear proper footwear and prepare for snow, especially if you’re going skiing or hiking.
3. Dry Air and Wind
The dry, cold air, particularly in northern regions, can be harsh on the skin. Make sure to bring moisturizers and lip balm to protect yourself from dry skin. Additionally, the strong winds can exacerbate the cold, so wearing windproof clothing is recommended.
4. Light Rain in the South
While the northern parts of the country are snowy, the southern regions like Busan and Jeju Island experience light rain. It’s important to pack an umbrella or a rain jacket in case of the occasional showers.
5. Limited Daylight
South Korea has short daylight hours in January, with the sun setting as early as 5:00 PM. Be sure to plan your outdoor activities to make the most of the daylight hours. Indoor attractions like museums, palaces, and shopping areas are great to explore in the late afternoon or evening.
Things to Do in South Korea in January
Despite the cold, January in South Korea offers unique experiences, from winter sports in the mountains to cultural activities in the cities.
1. Skiing in Pyeongchang
Pyeongchang, the host city for the 2018 Winter Olympics, is one of the best places in South Korea to enjoy skiing and snowboarding. The cold temperatures and heavy snowfalls make it an ideal destination for winter sports enthusiasts.
2. Visit Gyeongbokgung Palace
Gyeongbokgung Palace, located in Seoul, is a must-visit historical site. While it can be cold, January’s relatively low visitor numbers make it an excellent time to explore the palace and nearby attractions like Bukchon Hanok Village without the large crowds. The winter scenery around the palace is also beautiful.
3. Enjoy Hot Springs in Jeju Island
Jeju Island, known for its moderate temperatures in January, is a popular destination for hot springs. The island’s volcanic terrain allows for many natural hot spring spas where you can relax and warm up after a day of sightseeing.
4. Explore Seoul’s Winter Festivals
Seoul offers various winter festivals in January, including ice skating rinks and traditional performances. The city’s famous festivals include the Seoul Lantern Festival, which celebrates the lunar new year with beautiful illuminated displays.
5. Explore the DMZ
The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is a unique and historically significant site in South Korea. While it can be cold, January provides clear skies and fewer tourists, making it a good time to visit this important location. Tours of the DMZ offer insights into Korea’s divided history.
6. Winter Hiking in the Mountains
For outdoor enthusiasts, hiking in South Korea’s mountainous regions offers an opportunity to see the country in its winter glory. Popular spots like Mount Seorak and Mount Jiri are great for winter hikes, with snowy trails and crisp air adding to the experience. Always check the weather and trail conditions before setting out.